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Monday 9/23- Finish going over 4-2 Questions. Risk review for quiz.
Tuesday 9/24- Risk Review for Section 1. ,Quiz Section 1. Risk Review Section 2. HW - Ch. 4 Sections 3 and 4 Terms and Questions.
Wednesday 9/25- Quiz Section 2. Check HW and discuss Sections 3 and 4.
Thursday 9/26- Risk Review Section 3. Quiz Section 3
Friday 9/27 -Risk Review Section 4. Quiz Section 4.
Tuesday 9/24- Risk Review for Section 1. ,Quiz Section 1. Risk Review Section 2. HW - Ch. 4 Sections 3 and 4 Terms and Questions.
Wednesday 9/25- Quiz Section 2. Check HW and discuss Sections 3 and 4.
Thursday 9/26- Risk Review Section 3. Quiz Section 3
Friday 9/27 -Risk Review Section 4. Quiz Section 4.
http://prezi.com/scpwbllehr-a/the-gilded-age-1877-1893/
Excellent Prezi on the 'Gilded Age'
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries,
was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and
America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which
began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people’s
homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to
powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and
textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine, played
central roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw improved systems of
transportation, communication and banking. While industrialization brought about
an increased volume and variety of manufactured goods and an improved standard
of living for some, it also resulted in often grim employment and living
conditions for the poor and working classes.
was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and
America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which
began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people’s
homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to
powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and
textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine, played
central roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw improved systems of
transportation, communication and banking. While industrialization brought about
an increased volume and variety of manufactured goods and an improved standard
of living for some, it also resulted in often grim employment and living
conditions for the poor and working classes.
THE SOUTH AND WEST TRANSFORMED 3-3
I. The New South
a. Industries and Cities Grow
1. Textile Mills and Steel-producing centers emerged.
2. Southern economy grew slower than North and Midwest.
3. High illiteracy, discrimination and distrust of immigrants hurt South.
b. Southern Farmers Face Difficult Times.
1. Over dependence on cotton hurt them. Prices for it declined.
2. Boll weevil beetle emerged and destroyed crops.
3. Sharecropping = landowners dictated crop, gave sharecropper place to live, tools to work with, in exchange for share of crop. Often cheated them and put them into their debt. Was form of financial slavery.
c. African Americans Suffer Setbacks
1. Some bought land and gained an education.
2. After election of 1876, federal troops left.
3. African Americans had no protection and lost many civil rights.
II. Cultures Clash in the West
a. Plain Indians Under Pressure
1. Government forced them onto reservations.
2. Their customs and religion encountered resistance and persecution.
3. Ranchers almost hunted buffalo into extinction hurting their way of life
b. Native Americans Resist
1. Some defended their land but many were executed by U.S. government
2. Sioux crushed U.S. troops and Custer at Battle of Little Big Horn.
3. Most simply were overwhelmed by U.S. troops like Chief Joseph and Nez Perce’.
c. The Government Promotes Assimilation
1. Dawes Act – urged Native Americans to assimilate.
2. This act sought to destroy their way of life and culture.
3. Banned traditional Ghost Dances. Led to massacre at Wounded Knee in which U.S. troops killed 250, mostly women and children.
III. The Transformation of the West
a. Miners and Railroaders
1. Discovery of gold and silver attracted prospectors to West.
2. 1869 transcontinental railroad completed made easier to get to West.
b. Ranchers and Farmers
1. People moved west by millions for open land.
2. Cattle drives ended in famous towns like Dodge City and Tombstone.
3. Series of terrible winters ended open range ranching.
ISSUES OF THE GILDED AGE 3-4
I. Segregation and Social Tensions
a. Separate but Equal
1. Jim Crow Laws separated whites and blacks in South
2. Plessy v Ferguson = Separate but Equal legal.
3. Despite this, leaders emerged to help lead the way.
b. Mexican Americans and Chinese Immigrants Face Discrimination
1. Whites began taking land previously held by Mexicans in SW.
2. Discrimination vs Chinese occurred in West.
3. Chinese Exclusion Act = no Chinese can come to U.S. for 10 years
c. Women’s Suffrage Makes Gains
1. Fight to vote stalled in early 1900s.
2. Some western states did allow women right to vote.
II. Political Challenges
a. Corruption Plagues Government
1. Politicians gained power by giving jobs for political support.
2. Graft = bribery or corruption.
b. Tariffs, Civil Service, and Monetary Policy
1. Tariff = tax against imports to protect American products.
2. Republicans supported tariffs. Democrats against it.
3. Pendleton Act = exam for those who want to work for government.
III. Farmers and Populism
a. Farmers Face Complex Problems
1. Prices they paid for crops declined.
2. Farmers accumulated growing debts they could not repay.
b. Farmers Organize and Demand Reforms
1. Farmers wanted to lower shipping rates and storage costs.
2. Organized the Farmers Alliance.
3. Farmers Alliance formed into political party called the Populist Party.
c. Economic Crisis and Populism’s Decline
1. Populists nominated William Jennings Bryan in 1896 for president.
2. Bryan did well in South and West but did not impress factory workers.
3. Lost to William McKinley (Republican). Did get the graduated income tax to become a law (more $ you make, more taxes you pay).
I. The New South
a. Industries and Cities Grow
1. Textile Mills and Steel-producing centers emerged.
2. Southern economy grew slower than North and Midwest.
3. High illiteracy, discrimination and distrust of immigrants hurt South.
b. Southern Farmers Face Difficult Times.
1. Over dependence on cotton hurt them. Prices for it declined.
2. Boll weevil beetle emerged and destroyed crops.
3. Sharecropping = landowners dictated crop, gave sharecropper place to live, tools to work with, in exchange for share of crop. Often cheated them and put them into their debt. Was form of financial slavery.
c. African Americans Suffer Setbacks
1. Some bought land and gained an education.
2. After election of 1876, federal troops left.
3. African Americans had no protection and lost many civil rights.
II. Cultures Clash in the West
a. Plain Indians Under Pressure
1. Government forced them onto reservations.
2. Their customs and religion encountered resistance and persecution.
3. Ranchers almost hunted buffalo into extinction hurting their way of life
b. Native Americans Resist
1. Some defended their land but many were executed by U.S. government
2. Sioux crushed U.S. troops and Custer at Battle of Little Big Horn.
3. Most simply were overwhelmed by U.S. troops like Chief Joseph and Nez Perce’.
c. The Government Promotes Assimilation
1. Dawes Act – urged Native Americans to assimilate.
2. This act sought to destroy their way of life and culture.
3. Banned traditional Ghost Dances. Led to massacre at Wounded Knee in which U.S. troops killed 250, mostly women and children.
III. The Transformation of the West
a. Miners and Railroaders
1. Discovery of gold and silver attracted prospectors to West.
2. 1869 transcontinental railroad completed made easier to get to West.
b. Ranchers and Farmers
1. People moved west by millions for open land.
2. Cattle drives ended in famous towns like Dodge City and Tombstone.
3. Series of terrible winters ended open range ranching.
ISSUES OF THE GILDED AGE 3-4
I. Segregation and Social Tensions
a. Separate but Equal
1. Jim Crow Laws separated whites and blacks in South
2. Plessy v Ferguson = Separate but Equal legal.
3. Despite this, leaders emerged to help lead the way.
b. Mexican Americans and Chinese Immigrants Face Discrimination
1. Whites began taking land previously held by Mexicans in SW.
2. Discrimination vs Chinese occurred in West.
3. Chinese Exclusion Act = no Chinese can come to U.S. for 10 years
c. Women’s Suffrage Makes Gains
1. Fight to vote stalled in early 1900s.
2. Some western states did allow women right to vote.
II. Political Challenges
a. Corruption Plagues Government
1. Politicians gained power by giving jobs for political support.
2. Graft = bribery or corruption.
b. Tariffs, Civil Service, and Monetary Policy
1. Tariff = tax against imports to protect American products.
2. Republicans supported tariffs. Democrats against it.
3. Pendleton Act = exam for those who want to work for government.
III. Farmers and Populism
a. Farmers Face Complex Problems
1. Prices they paid for crops declined.
2. Farmers accumulated growing debts they could not repay.
b. Farmers Organize and Demand Reforms
1. Farmers wanted to lower shipping rates and storage costs.
2. Organized the Farmers Alliance.
3. Farmers Alliance formed into political party called the Populist Party.
c. Economic Crisis and Populism’s Decline
1. Populists nominated William Jennings Bryan in 1896 for president.
2. Bryan did well in South and West but did not impress factory workers.
3. Lost to William McKinley (Republican). Did get the graduated income tax to become a law (more $ you make, more taxes you pay).
3-1
Notes
I.
The Triumph of
Industry
a.
Great growth of industry by end of the 19th
Century.
b.
Industrial towns sprung up in North and even some in the
South.
c.
Industrialization made U.S. one of the most powerful nations in the
world.
II.
Industry and Technology Advance
Rapidly
a. Coal and steel production skyrockets as does petroleum and
electricity.
1. Causes of Industrial
Expansion
a. Lots of natural
resources – lumber, coal, oil, etc.
b. Immigrants from Southern
and Eastern Europe + Asia filled labor
demand.
c. Government policies
encouraged businesses to flourish.
2. New Technologies
Transform the Economy
a. Thomas
Edison – electric light bulb, phonograph and many
others.
b. Large utility companies
formed to power his light bulbs and
machines.
c.
Improved railroads, improved telegraph and the telephone made
communication and transportation easier and more
affordable.
3. The Impact of
Industrialization
a. Increased standard of
living.
b. Cities grew upward and
outward.
c.
Efficient production techniques + improved transportation and
communication leads to mass
consumerism.
II.
The Rise of Big Business
1.Corporations Amass Huge
Fortunes
a. Andrew Carnegie – U.S.
Steel.
b. John
D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil.
c. Trusts were established linking businesses with other companies that
provided them raw materials they needed.
Gained edge on competition.
Leads to accusations of
monopolies.
2.
Carnegie and the Gospel of
Wealth
a.Social Darwinism – Life
consists of a struggle in which only the strong
survive.
b. Gospel
of Wealth – Believed that those who accumulate wealth, should share their
riches for betterment of society.
He funded museums, libraries, educational
institutions.
3.
Federal Regulations Target Corporate
Abuses
a. Complaints of monopolies
by small business owners.
b.
Federal government responds with the ICC
(Interstate Commerce Commission) and the Sherman
Antitrust Act of 1890 to combat the growth of monopolies.
These had little initial impact as they were not enforced
initially.
III. Workers Organize
1. Workers Endure
Hardships
a. Long hours, poor pay, no vacation time, no health benefits, no job
security.
b. Women and children also worked in dangerous conditions.
Paid even less than men.
2. Labor Unions Promote
Workers’ Rights
a. To improve their working
conditions, workers formed unions.
b. Groups like the Knights
of Labor and the AFL (American
Federation of Labor) formed.
The Knights of Labor fought for an eight hour work day.
The AFL sought better wages, less working hours and safer working
conditions.
c. Samuel
Gompers led the AFL.
3. Workers and
Socialism
a. Some workers became
attracted to socialism in order to improve their
lives.
b. Socialism did see some
growth in the U.S. but not like in
Europe.
IV. Workers and Big Business
Clash
a. Haymarket
Riot (Chicago May 4, 1886) – Labor rally. Bomb killed a police officer. Bloody fighting followed. 8 anarchists
were arrested and blamed.
b. Homestead
Strike – Steelworker strike in PA.
National Guard helped crush the strike. Steelworkers went without unions for
decades that followed.
c. Pullman
Strike – Railroad strike.
President Grover Cleveland ended up sending federal troops to Chicago to
protect the railroads. Felt nation
needed transportation to continue.
Notes
I.
The Triumph of
Industry
a.
Great growth of industry by end of the 19th
Century.
b.
Industrial towns sprung up in North and even some in the
South.
c.
Industrialization made U.S. one of the most powerful nations in the
world.
II.
Industry and Technology Advance
Rapidly
a. Coal and steel production skyrockets as does petroleum and
electricity.
1. Causes of Industrial
Expansion
a. Lots of natural
resources – lumber, coal, oil, etc.
b. Immigrants from Southern
and Eastern Europe + Asia filled labor
demand.
c. Government policies
encouraged businesses to flourish.
2. New Technologies
Transform the Economy
a. Thomas
Edison – electric light bulb, phonograph and many
others.
b. Large utility companies
formed to power his light bulbs and
machines.
c.
Improved railroads, improved telegraph and the telephone made
communication and transportation easier and more
affordable.
3. The Impact of
Industrialization
a. Increased standard of
living.
b. Cities grew upward and
outward.
c.
Efficient production techniques + improved transportation and
communication leads to mass
consumerism.
II.
The Rise of Big Business
1.Corporations Amass Huge
Fortunes
a. Andrew Carnegie – U.S.
Steel.
b. John
D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil.
c. Trusts were established linking businesses with other companies that
provided them raw materials they needed.
Gained edge on competition.
Leads to accusations of
monopolies.
2.
Carnegie and the Gospel of
Wealth
a.Social Darwinism – Life
consists of a struggle in which only the strong
survive.
b. Gospel
of Wealth – Believed that those who accumulate wealth, should share their
riches for betterment of society.
He funded museums, libraries, educational
institutions.
3.
Federal Regulations Target Corporate
Abuses
a. Complaints of monopolies
by small business owners.
b.
Federal government responds with the ICC
(Interstate Commerce Commission) and the Sherman
Antitrust Act of 1890 to combat the growth of monopolies.
These had little initial impact as they were not enforced
initially.
III. Workers Organize
1. Workers Endure
Hardships
a. Long hours, poor pay, no vacation time, no health benefits, no job
security.
b. Women and children also worked in dangerous conditions.
Paid even less than men.
2. Labor Unions Promote
Workers’ Rights
a. To improve their working
conditions, workers formed unions.
b. Groups like the Knights
of Labor and the AFL (American
Federation of Labor) formed.
The Knights of Labor fought for an eight hour work day.
The AFL sought better wages, less working hours and safer working
conditions.
c. Samuel
Gompers led the AFL.
3. Workers and
Socialism
a. Some workers became
attracted to socialism in order to improve their
lives.
b. Socialism did see some
growth in the U.S. but not like in
Europe.
IV. Workers and Big Business
Clash
a. Haymarket
Riot (Chicago May 4, 1886) – Labor rally. Bomb killed a police officer. Bloody fighting followed. 8 anarchists
were arrested and blamed.
b. Homestead
Strike – Steelworker strike in PA.
National Guard helped crush the strike. Steelworkers went without unions for
decades that followed.
c. Pullman
Strike – Railroad strike.
President Grover Cleveland ended up sending federal troops to Chicago to
protect the railroads. Felt nation
needed transportation to continue.
Interesting Links:
http://www.history.com/topics/reconstruction/interactives/civil-war-150
http://prezi.com/mk_f-fzdsbbc/reconstruction/
http://prezi.com/p1pdb7h3qnhh/history-teaching-a-gilded-age-class/